Electricity Prices Across Europe: A Data-Driven Look

European Electricity Prices in Context

Electricity prices in Europe have been a major topic of discussion among policymakers, businesses, and consumers. Using data from the EIA and Eurostat available on energtx, we examine how prices vary across the continent and what drives these differences.

Price Variation Across Countries

European electricity prices vary significantly by country. Several factors contribute to this disparity:

• Energy mix — Countries with high renewable penetration (hydroelectric, wind) often have lower marginal costs
• Import dependency — Nations that import a large share of their energy tend to face higher and more volatile prices
• Grid infrastructure — Interconnection capacity and grid modernization affect transmission costs
• Taxation and regulation — Government levies and market structure play a major role

Energy Import Dependency

Our Eurostat data tracks energy import dependency as a percentage for 14 EU member states. This metric measures how much of a country's energy needs are met through imports versus domestic production.

Countries with high import dependency are more exposed to global price fluctuations and supply disruptions. The data shows a clear correlation between import dependency and price volatility over the past decade.

Wind and Solar Capacity Growth

The rapid expansion of wind and solar capacity across Europe is beginning to reshape the pricing landscape. Our dataset tracks:

• Wind capacity (GW installed) — Particularly strong in Germany, Spain, and the Nordic countries
• Solar capacity (GW installed) — Mediterranean countries lead, but northern European adoption is accelerating

As renewable capacity grows, wholesale electricity prices during peak production hours have declined in several markets — a trend known as the "merit order effect."

Implications for Energy Analysts

Understanding electricity pricing requires looking at multiple indicators simultaneously — consumption patterns, generation mix, import dependency, and capacity investments. The energtx platform brings all of these together in a single, downloadable dataset.

Explore the Data

Visit our datasets page to filter by European countries and compare electricity-related indicators. Each country also has a dedicated profile page with historical charts and downloadable data.

Energy pricing is not just about supply and demand — it reflects decades of policy decisions, infrastructure investments, and geographic realities.